Historique

La Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate Limited (21 juillet 1897-1899)

Afin de pouvoir se développer en Europe, et tout particulièrement en Grande-Bretagne, l'American Mutoscope and Biograph Co va créer la nouvelle société la Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate Limited dont voici les statuts :

MUTOSCOPE AND BIOGRAPH SYNDICATE, LIMITED.
Registered July 21, by Ashurst and Co., 17, Throgmorton-avenve, E.C,, with a capital of £50,000 in £10 shares. Object, to adopt and carry into effect an agreement expressed to be made between W. Kennedy L. Dickson, H. Norton Marvin, and E. B. Koopman of the one part and this company of the other part, and, generally, to apply for, obtain, or otherwise acquire any inventions, letters patent, patent rights, licenses or concessions for or in relation to mutoscopes, biographs, and mutographs, photographic processes, or any combinations thereof or appliances relating thereto, and to the recording and reproduction of speech and other sounds or light by electricity or other means, power, or agency ; as manufacturers of all tablets, diaphragms, motors, batteries, generators, magnets, coatings or coverings for cylinders, tablets, or phonogram blanks; as electricians, electrical, mechanical, metallurgical, and chemical engineers, metal founders, forgers and workers, smiths, carpenters, paper makers, cardboard manufacturers, lecturers, public entertainers, &e. The signatories are:— Shares.
J. H. Jack, 19 and 20, Holborn-viaduct, EC, ......... 1
E. Foulkes, 19, Kimberloy-road, Clapham, S.W..... 1
W, E. Stone, 27, Westow-street, Upper Norwood...1
C. U. Fisher, 19, Holborn-viaduct, EC. .................. 1
F.W. Daffen, 19 and 20, Holborn-viaduvet, EC, ..... 1
J. W. Atkinson, 10, Gilbert-street, Bury-strect, W.C.1
J. Stanley, 21, Holburn viaduct, E. C.......................1
The number of directors is to be not less that three nor more than seven ; the subscribers are to appoint the first. Qualification, £100. Remuneration, £150 each per annum.

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The Financial News, Londres, samedi 7 août 1897, p. 6.

À l'exception d'Herman Casler, on retrouve les trois autres fondateurs de l'American Mutoscope and Biograph Co : E. B. Koopman, W. K. L. Dickson et H. Norton Marvin. Quelques mois plus tard, en février, elle commence à tisser une véritable toile de filiales sur les Îles britanniques :  Scottish Mutoscope Company Limited  (11 février 1898), London and District Mutoscope Company Limited (4 mars), Manchester and Salford Mutoscope Company Limited (16 mars), Birmingham [qui devient en juin 1899 la North-West Coast Mutoscope Company Limited] (7 avril),  Irish Mutoscope Company Limited (23 avril), North-Wales Mutoscope Company Limited (24 mai), Isle of Man Mutoscope Company Limited (16 juillet), Blackpool and Southport Mutoscope Company Limited (9 septembre),  South Wales Mutoscope Company Limited  (29 septembre), South Coast Mutoscope Company (12 janvier 1899), Liverpool and Mersey District Mutoscope Company Limited (21 février), North Lancashire Mutoscope Company Limited (22 mars), East Coast Mutoscope Company Limited (4 mai) et {tip Stamford Mercury, Stamford, vendredi 21 juillet 1899, p. 1.} Midlands and Lincolnshire Mutoscope Company Limited{tip} (19 juillet).

"Made in England."
Hitherto the more striking of the "biograph" series of living pictures have come from America, but the managers of a popular place of entertainment in London have now made arrangements of the production at the end of the present week of a new collection, in which the subjects are almost exclusively English. One of the new pictures, for example, will show a London and North-Western express taking up water while running at full speed; another will show the Irish mail from Euston picking up and throwing off mail bags at wayside stations, also while travelling at full speed; a third will depict the Irish day mail from Euston entering the tubular bridge over the Menai Straits; and yet another will reproduce a panoramic view of Conway, with its castle as seen from the vantage point of the front of an express engine.Manchester Evening Chronicle, Manchester, mardi 8 mars 1898, p. 3.

Herman Casler 

mettre en place une filiale, la Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate, Limited. La société est constituée en juillet 1897. F. W. Baker est l'un des premiers à avoir intégrer la filiale dès 1897:

F. W. Baker entered the industry in 1897 in the pioneer days, joining British Mutograph and the original Biograph Syndicate.

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The Bioscope, samedi 18 juin 1927, p. 63.

Ses activités sont résumées dans le document suivant :

[...] The Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate, Limited. That registered in July, 1897, with the intention, as stated in its Prospectus, of demonstrating the commercial value of the Biograph and Mutoscope on a sumetent scale to justify the formation of a public Company to fully develop them.
The Biograph and Mutoscope are two inventions for the reproduction of objects in motion. The negatives of views for use in both are produced by the Mutograph, a camera by which from 3,000 to 4,000 separate photographs can be taken per minute. The Biograph is for exhibition at public places of entertainment, where life-size views are thrown on a screen. The Mutoscope is an application of the same principle for the use individuals by means of a small and ingenious instrument. By simply turning a handle all the marvellous effects of the Biograph are produced on a smaller scale. The Mutoscope can be used in private houses or in public halls, clubs, and places of amusement.
There is but little doubt that the great future in photography lies in the direction of depicting scenes with the object and persons in motion. An enormous field is open for the development on this art. Through the organization already in operation throughout  the United Kingdom, which is protected by the patent rights acquired in this purchase, this Company will enjoy the results of the discoveries made and improvements continually being made by the gilled men who have brought to the present state of perfection the art of animated photography as demonstrated in the Blograph and Mutoscope.
The biograph was first exhibited in England on the 20th March. 1897, at the Palace Theatre, Shaftesbury-avenue, London, where, consequence of its great popularity, it has run without intermission to the present time, and may still be seen nightly. An instance of what can be done by the Biograph occurred on the 27th of October, when Sir Herbert Kitchener was photographed with the Mutograph as he went down the gangway on to the steamer at Calais, and again on his landing Dover about four o'clock. The films were brought to London and the scenes reproduced the same evening to a crowded auditorium at the Palace Theatre. These scenes were also exhibited to the public on the Mutoscope in the same week. Motionless pictures of the notable events of the world are always eagerly sought after the public in every country. The rapid growth and increasing popularity of the illustrated daily, weekly, and monthly periodicals bear testimony to this fact. The public may now have before them these scenes, with every movement of the face, every gesture ot the actors, faithfully reproduced. The Biograph and the Mutoscope are not therefore novelties which are likely to hit the public taste for the moment and then fall into disuse. As an example of the striking historical value the pictures will possess may be instanced the fact that His Holiness Pope Leo XIII, has recently given repeated sittings in the Vatican and adjoining gardens.
This Company is formed to acquire:—
The leasehold Premises consisting of Offices, Workshops, Laboratory, etc., at 18 and 19, Great Windmill-street, W., at which the business is carried on.
The Plant, Stock-in-Trade, Furniture, and Fittings thereat and elsewhere.
The Patent Rights of the Biograph, Mutoscope, and Mutograph, and all improvements by the patentees therein.
The interest of the Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate (Limited) in various forms of Parlour Kinetoscopes.
The various Licenses and Trade Contracts.
The benefit, as from 31st August last, of the various contracts, subject to any liabilities connected therewith, entered into with ten subsidiary Companies, as set out below, and the Shares in such Companies allotted or to be allotted.
These Companies, as licensees, have the sole right to exhibit the Mutoscope with penny-in-the-slot attachment within a given district. In no case is the machine sold. A license fee of £20 per Mutoscope agreed to paid, together with annual rental of £1 per machine. Each subsidiary Company also allots to the Syndicate as fully paid at least one-third of its share capital. The following Companies have already been formed, and are in active operation, the contract in each case having been made with the Syndicate:
Date of Contract      Title of Company                                   Machines contracted for   Delivery extending to               Share Capital issued
Feb.  1898.              London and District                               2,000                                 June, 1899                              £75,000
Feb.  1898.              Scottish                                                 1,000                                  Sept. 1899                                33,000
April  1898.              Manchester and Salford                           500                                  Sept. 1899                                18,000
April  1898.              Birmingham                                              500                                  Sept. 1899                                18,000
May  1898               Irish                                                           800                                 June  1899                                27,000
Aug.  1898              Isle of Man                                                250                                  June  1899                                11,000
Sept. 1898              North Wales                                              250                                  Aug., 1899                                  7,500
Oct.   1898              South Wales and Monmouthshire            400                                   Aug., 1899                                15,000
Nov.  1898              Blackpool and Southport                          300                                   Aug., 1899                                  9,000
Jan.  1899              South Coast                                            2,000                                  Aug. 1899                                 75,000
                              (comprising Hants, Sussex, Kent)                                                                                                           
                                                                                          ________                                                                          _________
                                                                                              8,000                                                                                £288,500
The contracts, when carried out, will produce a cash profit of £85,000, and shares par value in subsidiary Companies to the extent of £85,000, besides an annual rental of £8,000. To these must be added the profit from the Biograph, which for the fifteen months ending 31st August, 1898, amounted, according to the certified accounts of the syndicate, to £7,663 11s. 2d. or at the rate of £6,100 per annum.
Further subsidiary Companies about to be formed will, when completed, in addition, take at least 6,000 machines, and yield cash profit £65,000, with shares at par value to the amount of £54,000, and rental of £6,000 per annum, or
Cash profit from licenses available for distribution amongst the shareholders or development of the business         £150,000
Shares in subsidiary Companies at par value                                                                                                               139,000
 _________
£289,000
A distribution of the estimated cash profit from license fees would amount to a dividend of 60 per cent, on the share capital of this Company, whilst the Directors consider that the following annual profits may relied on :
Annual rental of 14,000 coin-operated machines                                                                                                          £14,000
Dividend at 10 per cent, payable on £139,000 share capital in subsidiary companies                                                   13,900
Biograph profits per annum certified                                                                                                                                 6,100
 ________
£34,000
or 131/2 per cent. on the present issue of capital.
The following dividends have been declared by the subsidiary Companies above tabulated on the basis of 5s. per share having been paid up for the time being:  Scottish Company, first quarter, 30 per cent, per annum ; second quarter, 40 per cent, per annum ; third quarter, 50 per cent, per annum. Birmingham, first half-year, 50 per cent, per annum. Isle of Man, first quarter-year, 25 per cent, per annum. London, first nine months, 30 per cent, per annum. Ireland, first half-year, 10 per cent, per annum. The earnings of the other Companies justify the Directors in anticipating that they will be able to declare similar dividends.
No provision has been made in the above calculation for management or directors’ fees, as the profits to accrue from the manufacture and sale of subjects, the Studios, the sale of Parlour Mutoscopes and Kinora, and the general business of the Company will, it may safely said, more than cover the same.
Mr. E. B. Koopman, the Managing Director, under whose direction the business has been conducted the present time, has agreed to undertake a similar position with this Company on terms partly dependent on the profits to made. Having regard to the capacity, enterprise, and energy with which the business has been conducted, the Directors are fortunate in having secured a continuance of the present successful management.
Searches have been made as to patents relating to Mutograph and Biograph Messrs. Ivans, Jackson, and Co., of London. These were laid before J. Fletcher Moulton, Esq., Q.C., and Dr. Lewis Edmunds, Q.C., whose favourable opinions are in each case unqualined.
As to the Mutoscope patents, which are the most important, searches have been made by William Fairweather, Esq., Patent Agent, of  Glasgow, and Messrs, Bromhead and Co. Patent Agents, of London, also by Dugald Clerk, Esq., of  London. These have been laid before same counsel, whose opinion thereon is as follows:
"Upon the material submitted to us we are ol opinion that the patent Herman Casler, Nº 14,439 of 1895, for 'devices for showing the changing position of a body or bodies action,' is valid and would upheld it contested in legal proceedings.
12th January 1899
J. FLETCHER MOULTON
LEWIS EDMUNDS.

St James's Gazette, samedi 11 février 1899, p. 16.

La formation de la nouvelle société, The British Mutoscope and Biograph Company conduit à la dissolution de la Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate : 

In the Matter of the Mutoscope and Biograph Syndicate, Limited.
At an Extraordinary General Meeting of the above-named Company, duly convened and held at 18 and 19, Great Windmill-street, London, W. on the 27th day of February, 1899, the following Special Resolution was duly passed ; and at a subsequent Extraordinary General Meeting of the Members of the said Company, also duly convened and held at the same place, on Wednesday, the 15th day of March, 1899, the following resolution was duly confirmed, viz. :— 
"That the Company be wound up voluntarily."
And at such last-mentioned Meeting Elias Bernard Koopman, of 18 and 19, Great Windmill-street, London, W., Frederick Theodore Macdonnell, of 2, New-court, Lincoln's-inn, W.C., Edward Hudson, of 83, Southwark-street, S.E., James Henry Dalziel, of Whitehall-court, S.W., and William Thomas Smedley, of 119, Ashley-gardens, S.W., were appointed Liquidators for the purposes of the winding-up.—Dated this 23rd day of March, 1899. 
WILLIAM T. SMEDLEY, Chairman.

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The London Gazette, London, March 28, 1899, p. 2110. 

MESSRS NATHAN AND SOMERS, sole agents for the American Biograph, have arranged with Mr. Rickards for the exhibition of that instrument for a period of twelve months in Australia. The same firm have also sent out this week Mr. and Mrs Charles Morritt and Miss Fanny Wentworth, who will form a combination with the Biograph which Mr Rickards confidently anticipates will be eminently satisfactory to his patrons.

The Era, Londres, samedi 17 juillet 1897, p. 17.